Olonkho and the first Yakut historical novel Tygyn Darkhan by V. S. Yakovlev-Dalan

   The spiritual, moral, philosophical foundations of Olonkho were covered in the works of leading researchers of Olonkho: philosophers, founders of Yakut literature. Humanism, patriotism, admiration for heroism are revealed as the main content of the Olonkho. It is emphasized that the Olonkho reflects the deep sources of the worldview, cosmogonic ideas, the cult of nature, mythologism, based on the idea of “happiness and well-being of the whole tribe” (I. Pukhov). The folk poetic traditions of Olonkho played a decisive role in the development of the genres of Yakut literature including the genre of the historical novel. The dynamics of the genre evolution of Yakut prose in the second half of the 20th century determines the relevance of the study of the historical novel genre in the aspect of traditions and innovation. The literary process of the period under review is marked by a new interest in the folk poetic heritage, Olonkho and legends. The increased level of national self-consciousness in the new social and historical circumstances led to an active appeal to the wealth of the ethno-cultural memory of the people.

   The aim is to identify the role of Olonkho in the spiritual and moral formation of personality in the genre of a historical novel.

   Methodological approaches: historical and literary, typological, conceptual. In the works of Yakut writers of different generations, spiritual and moral origins were expressed, based on the creative development of folk poetic traditions: deep patriotism, traditional beliefs and richness of figurative language. Folk poetic traditions have undergone a complex evolution throughout the history of Yakut literature. The traditions of epic narration and mythological poetics are implemented in a literary work in many ways: in the plot-motivational system, in the compositional structure, in the originality of rhythm and style, in the principles of characterology, in the author’s position, in general, in the moral and philosophical concept. All these features manifested themselves in a peculiar way in the poetics of the leading genres, as evidenced by the evolution of the genre of the novel. The new character of historicism in the genre of the novel was clearly manifested in the Yakut literature of the last decade of the 20th century. The qualitative renewal of epic traditions distinguishes the works of V. Yakovlev-Dalan, N. Petrov, I. Gogolev, P. Kharitonov-Oyuku, N. Luginov, E. Neimokhov and others, covering different periods of the history of the people. As the experience of many literatures testifies, the formation of the genre of the historical novel at a new stage indicates a high level of development of literature. The epic scale and encyclopedic breadth of recreating folk life is inherent in the first historical novel in Yakut prose “Tygyn Darkhan” by Vasily Yakovlev-Dalan. The entire epic building of the novel is permeated with concern for the spiritual and moral health of the younger generation. Creative reliance on the traditions of legends and Olonkho permeates the entire complex structure of the work: in the figurative and motive system, in the plot compositional organization, in the originality of rhythm and style, in the determining role of the author’s position. The epic rhythm of the narrative is organic in the biography of the legendary leader of Tygyn Darkhan people. The natural rhythm of the nature life determines the logic of the artistic narrative. The culture of the relationship of the northern people with the natural world is shown in many ways. The ethnosphere of the national world is expressed by the concepts: Olonkho, alaas, urasa, ysyakh, osuokhay, algys. Recreating the era of the legendary hero in the novel asserts one of the central cults of the people’s faith - the cult of the successive connection of generations, the memory of the history of the people. The moral and philosophical concept of the novel based on the traditions of the heroic epic and has a great importance in the spiritual and moral formation of the personality.

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